4, 5 Importantly, obesity prevalence is not equal across racial or ethnic groups in childhood or adulthood. 3 Childhood and adolescent obesity confer a wide range of short- and long-term health consequences, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, depression, and early mortality. 1, 2 In addition, it is estimated that youth BMI trajectories have nearly doubled since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among children aged 6 to 11 years, and children who had obesity prepandemic were the worst impacted. 1 This prevalence is greater than a 3-fold increase from the 5% prevalence in 1975. Nearly 1 in 5 US children and adolescents have obesity, as indicated by a body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) equal to or greater than the 95th percentile for their age and sex. Obesity in children and adolescents is a critical public health issue in the US. Interventions to reduce exposure to racial discrimination in early life may help reduce the risk of excess weight gain across throughout life. Discrimination at time 1 was associated with higher waist circumference in unadjusted (β, 0.35 95% CI, 0.15-0.54) and adjusted (β, 0.24 95% CI, 0.04-0.44) models.Ĭonclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of children and adolescents, racial discrimination was positively associated with adiposity, quantified by BMI z score and waist circumference. Greater racial discrimination exposure at time 1 was associated with higher BMI z score in both unadjusted (β, 0.05 95% CI, 0.02-0.08) and adjusted regression models (β, 0.04 95% CI, 0.01-0.08). Results Of the 6463 respondents with complete data, 3090 (47.8%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 9.95 (0.62) years. Measurements were taken from time 1 (ie, 2017 to 2019) and time 2 (ie, 2018 to 2020). Waist circumference (inches) was quantified as the mean of 3 consecutive measures. BMI z scores were computed by applying the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s age and sex-specific reference standards for children and adolescents. Main Outcomes and Measures Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured by trained research assistants. Data were analyzed from January 12 to May 17, 2023.Įxposure The child-reported Perceived Discrimination Scale was used to quantify racial discrimination, reflecting participants’ perceptions of being treated unfairly by others or unaccepted by society based on their race or ethnicity. The ABCD study recruited a diverse sample of youths from across the US, with rural, urban, and mountain regions. Objective To assess the prospective association between self-reported experiences of racial discrimination and adiposity (BMI and waist circumference) in a large sample of children and adolescents in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.ĭesign, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used complete data from the ABCD study (2017 to 2019), involving a total of 6463 participants. Personally mediated racism (commonly referred to as racial discrimination) is a known stressor that has been linked to higher body mass index (BMI calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) in adults, but little is known about the association of racial discrimination and childhood and adolescent adiposity. Importance Childhood obesity is a major public health issue and is disproportionately prevalent among children from minority racial and ethnic groups. Shared Decision Making and Communication.
Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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